Unilux Blog

Making It Sweet

Mon, 08 Mar 2010 14:31:10 -0500

As the old saying goes, �If life gives you lemons, make lemonade.� So that is what we have done here at Unilux. During the past year, while the economy has been down, we challenged ourselves to expand, create and work diligently to serve you, our customers, better.
As the old saying goes, �If life gives you lemons, make lemonade.� So that is what we have done here at Unilux. During the past year, while the economy has been down, we challenged ourselves to expand, create and work diligently to serve you, our customers, better.

Unilux has used this past year to expand our various departments, expand our product line and even create new products to serve you better and make your job easier. We have added three new people, expanded our line of LED lights and created a new system, EDGE TECH, which adds a new dimension to inspecting the steel trimming process, potentially saving mills up to $1 million per year per line.

To accomplish all of this we added a new software development department headed up by Chris Kapsalis, a 25-year veteran in software development. Chris has taken our products to a new level of sophistication as well as making them smarter and easier to use. He has been instrumental in the Edge Tech video inspection software that will help mills save so much money in operating costs.

In engineering, we have added Matt Runo to head up our new system development. He is formalizing our new product development to bring products to market more quickly and efficiently. This will enable us to respond to your needs faster to keep you moving forward more profitably. This expansion has helped us to develop a complete line of LED lights for use in our traditional industries as well as expanding into new markets. We�ve combined our expertise in industrial inspection and high-speed cinematography and videography to develop a light for onsite photography at attractions from roller coasters to the glass walkway at the Grand Canyon, and we believe we can bring our technology to many more markets.

Juggling product line expansion, as well as being cost-efficient with inventory in this challenging economic climate, created a unique opportunity to separate our purchasing and production departments so each can concentrate more efficiently. Diana Callahan handled the job of managing our production and inventory for many years. Today, it�s too big a job for one person. Diana is now our inventory control manager, and she is responsible for evaluating all of our suppliers of component parts and purchasing, which includes getting the best possible price that meets our quality assurance and delivery needs. In her new role, she works closely with Kathleen Gnudi, our new production manager. Kathleen is charged with making sure we have the right products in stock to meet our sales department�s needs, and she, too, must ensure that our assembly costs stay in line and that our products are ready to go when you install them.

We have also expanded our overseas operation by adding Nicole Merx to coordinate our marketing efforts in Europe. We are preparing to incorporate in Germany to handle our expanding markets through the EMEA territory more efficiently.

It�s exciting to see us grow in so many ways, even in a down economy worldwide, and know we are supporting you and your ability to deliver high quality and good value. Your customers demand the same commitment to excellence from you that you demand from us. Let�s continue to make lemonade together.

Quality and Safety

Wed, 06 Jan 2010 08:30:56 -0500

You demand both quality and safety in every piece of equipment you buy for your plant � no matter what you produce. But you must be willing to pay the price for quality and safety when you purchase your equipment, or it could cost a lot more later on.

Unfortunately, we saw that happen here in India at one of our country�s largest converters. I had been calling on this particular converting company for two years, and one of my selling points was that Unilux stroboscopic inspection systems are fully certified for safety. However, the company decided to buy less expensive, locally made strobe lights.

Coming back to see how they were doing, I noticed that the lights the converter�s operators and inspectors were using had big battery packs on their shoulders. The batteries themselves weighed 6 or 7kg (kilograms � 13 to 15.5 pounds), which is a lot to carry, and the people there carried them throughout an entire shift. The batteries also took 7 to 8 hours to recharge.

As a sales person, I kept calling back, and on one call, the company said they wanted to purchase safer lighting systems. Naturally, I had to ask what had caused them to change their mind. They told me they had not one but three fires in the plant. The last fire was a big one on one their machines and they confessed it was caused by the locally made strobe light that did not have built-in, certified safety features.

Because of the fire, they lost production time and capacity.

It�s not my intent to say �I told you so,� but the message is clear. When you invest in quality and safety, you can expect a higher yield rate because you can make sure your production is within specification, and you can avoid unnecessary downtime and potential injuries caused by faulty equipment. Unilux takes pride in the quality and safety of its stroboscopic inspection lighting systems, because of that, we look forward to long, sustainable relationships with our customers.

�You Ain�t Seen Nothin� Yet�

Mon, 16 Nov 2009 12:46:22 -0500

To most people, the words �strobe light� either bring back memories of psychedelic images from the 60�s and 70�s, or make them think of the old automobile timing lights. Some might think of the lights on emergency vehicles or lights for photography. Indeed, these are all more commonly known examples of strobe lights.

Simply put, a strobe light is a flashing light source. It can flash just once or repetitively. In general technical terms, strobe lights are usually constructed using a xenon gas-based discharge tube for a lamp. Some other types of lamps have been used in specialized applications, and currently, arrays of LEDs are starting to make inroads into some areas of strobe technology.

So, why would you want a strobe light, and what could you do with one in an industrial application?

Well, a strobe light is very good at putting a large amount of light on a target for a short period of time. The best example of this is flash photography. Rather than continuously illuminate an area with an extremely bright, power hungry set of lamps, the photo flash illuminates the target only for the needed period of time. This is less expensive, prolongs lamp life, and is more comfortable for the subject - especially if it�s pet or someone reluctant to have a picture taken).

Another aspect of flash photography is its ability to eliminate motion blurs. Because the flash illumination is so much brighter than the background illumination, only motion during the flash period is visible. Think of the photos you�ve seen of time lapse photography of the stars at night. Since the stars are so much brighter than the background, their motion is shown for the total time that the camera shutter is open, resulting in the appearance of arcs of light in the photograph. One of the most important aspects of the strobe light is its ability to freeze the photographic subject. A typical xenon strobe system has a flash duration of less than 1/20,000th of a second, allowing a �stop action� effect on fairly rapidly moving objects.

If you�re doing any type of photographic work, either single or repetitive, the proper strobe system can both vividly illuminate and freeze the action of the subject. A strobe light is the natural partner of almost any type of electronic imaging system.

Getting back to the �stop action� effect of the strobe light, consider any repetitive process. It can be the spinning of a wheel or gear, rapid movement of fixed items down a production line, or printed images on a printing press.

These things are all repetitive actions. If you were to stop the action at the right fixed interval, the image you would see would change little from one stop to the next. The wheel or gear would always stop in the same place. Each item on the production line would stop in the same place. You could look at each page on the press.

Now, instead of stopping the movement, imagine we�re using the strobe light and synchronizing it to the frequency that the items pass by. We refer to this as the �repeat rate.� If 10 items pass by every second, we set the strobe flash rate to 600 flashes per minute (10 per second times 60 seconds). If we�re properly synchronized, and the process is pretty repetitive, it looks like the process has stopped. A person watching the process can determine if the wheel or gear has wear or damage, if the production items are correct, or if the printing process has any flaws. All this is seen without stopping the process.

This is an excellent, low-cost method of inspection of ongoing processes of all types, and it is the most widely used non-photographic strobe application in industry.

But it�s just the beginning. The latest in high-performance and high-resolution USB, Firewire and Ethernet cameras allow for direct connection to a computer. When coupled with a strobe light capable of the correct flash rate, and powerful imaging application software, high-quality inspection at full production speed is an economical reality.

Strobe-based inspection systems serve two major functions in any industrial setting. First, they enable remote viewing. Problems in a production line can be detected in real time more easily than with the human eye alone, and quality assurance workers can effectively view hazardous processes at a safe distance. Second, computer-captured images of material defects can be economically stored and made available on demand for later reference. This enables process engineers to review the production steps upstream from where they�ve seen the defect and identify a solution to prevent its reoccurrence.

Unilux is a specialist in the design and application of strobe lighting in industrial and specialized photographic applications. If you have a inspection requirement, existing process with which you�d like help - or even a new idea you�d like help with - give us a call. We may have a product we can configure into a single system, or we can custom-design specialized lights for your OEM application.

Finding, Repairing and Training

Mon, 19 Oct 2009 21:46:02 -0400

After many visits to Chinese steel mills, I find two problems exist for most of our steel customers. The first problem is that they don�t know where broken units can be repaired. In Chinese steel mills, most of our Sentry Systems and Miti-Lites were supplied by the line builder. There is no contact information on our units, and operation manuals have been lost. As a result, mills cannot find the Unilux Shanghai Representative Office to have their units repaired. That solution is very easy: just send them to us � the Unilux Shanghai Representative Office � and we�ll make the repairs and send the units back.
The second problem is that mills have mounted our strobes on their production lines, but they seldom use them. One reason is that mill managers don�t insist on using the strobe lights, and, another reason is their operators don�t know how to use them. Until those managers are held responsible for their mill�s quality, they are out of our control. But we can do something about the mill operators by teaching them how to use our lights to inspect their products better and to make their jobs easier.

My visits have led me to launch a campaign called �Finding, Repairing and Training� in Chinese steel mills.

First, we plan to make a sticker with our Shanghai office contact information � and we will make sure the stickers are printed by a company that uses our Unilux strobes lights to ensure top quality. We will paste the sticker on every one of our units in future visits, and then our customers will be able to reach us easily. There will be no excuse for not finding us.

Second, we will repair every broken unit for every customer. There will be no reason for a Unilux strobe light not to work. Third, for those customers who do not know how to use a strobe light, we will teach them both how to use the light and how to maintain it. Lack of knowledge will not be an excuse.

Our Finding, Repairing and Training campaign will help our steel-mill customers greatly improve their operating efficiency and production quality. We want to be their partner in helping them make a better product for their customers in China and around the world. If anyone in Chinese steel mills has a question, suggestion or repair issue, please contact with me at china@unilux.com. Now, you know where to find us. Thanks!

Hitting the Spot

Fri, 02 Oct 2009 10:56:44 -0400

Just a few short years ago, when our Beacon spot-pattern strobe light was still in the prototype stage, I called on one of our paper-mill customers in northern Florida to show it to them. I got the greeting of my life.
�Man, we are so glad you�re here,� I was told by the mill�s maintenance manager. �We have this problem, and we don�t know where it is. We�ve had a Miti-Lite and an LOL-5 down there, but we can�t find what�s causing our problem.�

We took the Beacon and crawled down under the Fourdrinier, where the real work is done, and started examining the rolls. With its spot pattern, the Beacon was able to cut through the mist from water sprays and focus our investigation on specific places. The Beacon and Miti-Lite are the same size and have the same light output, but the spot pattern is able to put more of that output on a specific location from a greater distance.

We didn�t need to crawl between the rolls down there. With the right light for the job, the problem stood out. There was a spike from paper that had built up on the drum surface, and that was causing all kinds of problems farther down the line.

The maintenance manager took the Beacon � and me � straight to the machine�s superintendent and told him how we were able to find the problem without having to crawl between rolls. He said it was unbelievable how far the light was thrown.

Within minutes, we had other people assembled for a demo. We shot the light across the hallway from one office to the back wall of another, and they were ready to buy the prototype.

The Beacon has filled a key need for mill maintenance managers. It cuts through all the fog and mist under a machine to see specific locations more than halfway across the width of the machine. It can also highlight areas across the top of the web, helping production managers and engineers see the really small, fine details that keep the mill running profitably.

But for some applications, the smaller Tracker is more than enough to get the job done. The Tracker also throws light in a spot pattern, and at half the power and half the price of the Beacon, it�s ideally suited for felt & wire inspectors. While mill inspectors need to look at every aspect of every detail in the process and machinery, felt & wire inspectors are looking at the wire in a dewatering area to see if it�s time to replace it.

Felt & wire inspectors can further benefit from the Tracker�s light weight � a factor when they have to carry it in and out of mills � and its case, which stows easily in a car, truck or van.

I�ve sold lots of Trackers to felt & wire inspectors, and I never hesitate to recommend it to a mill that can use it as a cost-effective alternative to the Beacon for certain applications.

After all, what matters is that you hit the spot and get the job done.

Ah, here�s the solution!

Sun, 06 Sep 2009 14:05:19 -0400

Everybody in technical sales lives for the day when he or she can deliver that special solution � the product that wasn�t on the shelf. It gives us such a rush of adrenaline and the great feeling that we helped a customer to solve a big problem.
Everybody in technical sales lives for the day when he or she can deliver that special solution � the product that wasn�t on the shelf. It gives us such a rush of adrenaline and the great feeling that we helped a customer to solve a big problem.

I experienced that when I got a call from a company that rolls highly reflective aluminum foil for the inside of cigarette packaging. The problem was that its inspectors were not finding small droplets of oil and small surface scratches from the rolling process. The customer was finding them � using one of our Unilux strobe lights.

Sure enough, when the people from the aluminum rolling company saw their product under the strobe light, they saw all the droplets they couldn�t see when they stopped their machines for periodic, random inspections. Two people did the inspecting, but they were only able to look at a small section of the aluminum foil and the defects were showing up every 50m or so. They had to virtually stop the machine and look from a distance of 10-15 cm to be able to see the defects. Thus the inspection took them a day for one coil.

To me, it sounded like a job for our Lith-O-Light (LOL) 40. So I grabbed our demo unit and headed for the plant.

We ran the LOL-40 at all sorts of angles, speeds and distances from the web. We determined that one inspector using the strobe light could do the job with the line running at 100m per minute with the light mounted 20cm from the line. As the LOL-40 did not cover the entire width of their inspection machine (1600mm) we had to add a Guardian strobe to cover the width.

There was just one little problem. The LOL-40 has two xenon lamps, and that leaves a gap on the viewing surface. It�s not a problem for printing, which is the primary application for the Lith-O-Light series, but with the high reflective aluminum foil the gap appeared like a black hole. With the Guardian at the side there were two black areas without a chance for inspection

To remove the gaps, Unilux developed the CL-60. This light combines four of the linear lamps of the LOL-40 and arranges them with an overlap. With the line running at 100m/min, the results were just what the aluminum rolling company needed and the entire width could be illuminated perfectly.

OK, they asked, how about doing this for two other lines - one that was 1.3m wide and the other 2.3m wide?

Unilux already had pulsed LED (light emitting diode) lights under development. We tried our LED 5X2, the equivalent of our LOL-20. The light intensity was good, and the light pattern was even better. LED arrays provide a homogenous, even lighting pattern over the entire area they illuminate. This eliminates the hot spots inherent with xenon lamps.

We believe we have the solution. We can take the LED arrays and arrange them in the size and pattern the aluminum rolling company needs to illuminate its product for an inspection process that can satisfy a valuable customer. Our LED 5X2, which designates an array of 5 LED modules (each with 12 LED�s in it) across in 2 rows, can be expanded to a 10X2, 20X2 or any other width the rolling company requires to cover the three machines widths it wants to inspect.

Although LED�s are not for every application, it was correct here. Having the ability to provide both, Xenon and LED strobes, we are holding the promise to the customer of being able to provide an easily customizable solution. We can visit a plant or mill, look at the specific inspection need and use either known technology to design and install the light that best meets the inspection need.

The LED industry is still maturing its product, which means LED strobe lights are far away from being direct replacements for Xenon light. But because Unilux Engineering staff and Technical Sales Representatives work closely with our customers at their plant anywhere around the world, they can determine which approach is best to meet the customers� needs. In this case, LED�s was the choice that fit the bill perfectly.

LED stroboscopes have also opened up new inspection capabilities for other unique applications in industries that were restricted by Xenon strobe limitations. Although LED�s for the moment are limited in use in many traditional strobe applications, we have found a whole new world out there needing this technology. It�s a great feeling knowing you can walk into a customer�s plant with all the tools to solve their problems or design needs for their special applications.

UV Illumination Kits for Printers

Tue, 28 Jul 2009 15:11:52 -0400

Brightener or phosphorescence is added to many clear varnishes and adhesives in order to check registration and coverage of patterns applied with Ultraviolet light. In the past this could only be done statically with a black light tube while the web is stopped or at a remote inspection station. Now Unilux UV Illumination Kits can convert your Unilux strobe light into a UV inspection strobe allowing inspection of brightener added coatings on the press without slowing web speed. Now you can inspect without hurting productivity.
Brightener or phosphorescence is added to many clear varnishes and adhesives in order to check registration and coverage of patterns applied with Ultraviolet light. In the past this could only be done statically with a black light tube while the web is stopped or at a remote inspection station. Now Unilux UV Illumination Kits can convert your Unilux strobe light into a UV inspection strobe allowing inspection of brightener added coatings on the press without slowing web speed. Now you can inspect without hurting productivity.

No other strobe has the intensity necessary to inspect with UV light and you don�t need to buy a complete unit. The kit converts your Unilux strobe and includes a high quality glass lens that blocks the entire spectrum of visible light except a very narrow band at 360 nanometers and a lamp is included that�s made of a glass that will not filter any UV light as it leaves the tube. This combination of brightness, lens and lamp allow for good excitement or glow of the brightener additive so you can see and freeze that varnish or adhesive pattern just as you would a print pattern and inspect coverage and registration.

Kits are in stock for the Litho-Light (LOL) line of Unilux lights and start at $338. The Litho Light is specifically designed for web inspection on printing presses and rewinders. Kits are also available for Unilux high intensity strobes but may require a few weeks lead time. Customer service can give you up to date information on availability for your particular Unilux unit.

UV inspection works best in a dark area so turning off unnecessary lighting around the press will improve visibility. The amount of brightener additive used can be a factor especially where brightener patterns are used to register a die cutting operation in the customer�s plant. We can special order a 250 nanometer lens for these applications but sometimes there just isn�t enough brightener for a good visible glow. You can discuss your application with a Unilux representative and request a demo or get a recommendation as to your probability of success.

Gaining the Edge

Tue, 02 Jun 2009 11:44:41 -0400

Unilux is preparing to launch the EdgeTech, a remote video inspection tool to make sure steel sheet edges and scoring cuts exceed customer specs and mill requirements while eliminating costly re-trimming. Unilux is preparing to launch the EdgeTech, a remote video inspection tool to make sure steel sheet edges and scoring cuts exceed customer specs and mill requirements while eliminating costly re-trimming. This product integrates our existing stroboscopic technology with high-speed video capture and sophisticated software to monitor edge quality, cut depth and strip tear from a remote location. It�s the result of eight years of R&D in remote video surface inspection with the last three years devoted to edge inspection.

As exciting as it is to bring a new product to market, there�s always an insightful back story about how that product came into being.

This story begins in Bello Horizonte, MG, Brazil at the home of Leonardo Camargos, our steel industry rep. He invited me to dinner, along with another of his manufacturers, and we talked shop in a very informal setting over grilled steaks.

One of the topics we discussed was the quality of the cut made to a sheet of steel. We got into more than just slitting sheets. We talked about cut depth and how automobile and appliance manufacturers, for example, need their steel scored to a specific depth to produce a good edge that will work within their fabrication processes. It�s a spec the mill must meet with a very tight tolerance for error. Any error that requires rework, when combined with the cost of value-added processes, such as pickling, galvanizing and painting, just sucks the profit out of the product.

So, we started to look at the stroboscopic solution. Strobe lights freeze images of the steel line as it travels through an inspection point at 750 meters per minute or 2,250 feet per minute. We�ve used the technology for nearly 50 years to see all kinds of defects, and we can see smaller defects as we make the light brighter and focus it more by refining our design.

But that wasn�t enough.

What we needed to do was go beyond the ability to see a surface defect. We needed to look at smoothly slit edges and a range of smoothness that could tell a mill how well the knives were adjusted and how good of a job they were doing. The goal was to make adjustments to the knife settings immediately before the quality of the cut fell out of spec.

Unilux already had experience with remote vision systems tied to stroboscopic inspection lights. Our lights and video recorders are used with automated defect detection systems that are mounted at strategic places along processing lines. The images are viewed by operators in control rooms, where they monitor data from all the equipment in the process line.

Being able to mount a camera to view slit edges was part of the solution. The camera, of course, needed to magnify the edge so that the operator in the control room could see the quality. But the operator also needed a tool to know � without any doubt � that the cut was nearing the boundary of the specification range.

That required a software solution that gave them instant feedback. As we talked to our customers, they told us about their current methods of inspection that always left them guessing about how to get a good edge. Their current methods gave them answers two to three coils after the coil in question was done � when all they could do was react to a final result and not eliminate it from happening. They also told us of the losses they incurred by this process.

All this led to several levels of inspection rolled into one that gives instant knowledge of a problem, confirmation of meeting customer specifications and feedback to establish statistical data to help improve their processes in the future. All this, from a simple dinner conversation, helped us turn a problem into a solution. The steak was also great that night.

We expect to launch our EdgeTech this summer. Through our progression of test units, we offered demonstrations that gave our Unilux team valuable input from beta tests with our current customers. Customers who didn�t have the money or interest to talk about strobe lights for surface inspection before suddenly found both the budgets and sense of urgency to see this system in action. They understand that investing in units at critical places along their lines can save millions of dollars in hard costs and customer goodwill, and that�s good value.

Personally, it�s been fascinating to turn an idea into a concept and be part of the team that is bringing this product to market. I can�t wait to roll it out.

*To see the magnification of the strip edge on our software compared to an actual steel strip taken from the line, check out the photo below.

HD Cameras and Strobe Light Synchronization

Mon, 18 May 2009 10:44:02 -0400

As digital technology takes center stage in the world of film & video, I couldn�t wait to see which HD camera would get the �high five.� Although there are many digital cameras on the market, the ones I�ve reviewed so far have a similar sync output signal that makes synchronizing a strobe a breeze. Manufacturers have dubbed �strobe output� or �sync out� as the names for the triggering signal.

What we really want to know what the signal looks like. That�s because the actual appearance of the signal is what�s important. Is the signal a spike? Does it have a square shape? Its characteristics determine the correct interface we need to design to process that signal type.

One type of sync signal is an open-collector type. This signal basically is developed by shorting the output to ground. By doing this, the triggered system can produce the necessary voltage for synchronization. Another signal type I�ve seen used is a 5v TTL square-wave signal. Synchronization can be completed by triggering on the rising or falling edge of the square wave.

Once we have the signal type, we can design a cable connecting the Unilux and the camera system by inputting the output sync signal from the camera into the Unilux system. We use mating connectors from the Unilux and the camera system at either end of the sync cable. The Unilux system will detect that a sync signal is present and use it to flash each strobe light.

When you turn on an HD camera, the logic circuits start producing sync pulses immediately. Although the camera system is turned on, the camera is not recording any footage at this time. We need synchronization when the camera records footage. Since sync signals are present all the time, we need to stop sending signals to the Unilux system until the camera has started recording. Our solution is to design a manual switch into the sync cable to stop the sync signal from triggering the Unilux when the camera is turned on but not recording. The switch can be turned on to let pulses travel just before you turn on the camera to record.

You can view our demo reel, by clicking FilmShoot Demo Reel

My Thrill Ride Photography Thrill

Mon, 27 Apr 2009 14:29:33 -0400

Working in the middle of the development of thrill ride photography has been a thrill for me. I�ve shared many a social meeting with the people who�ve made great advances in the art and technology of their craft, and I�m proud of how Unilux has helped them succeed in hitting the bulls-eye on a moving target. Working in the middle of the development of thrill ride photography has been a thrill for me. I�ve shared many a social meeting with the people who�ve made great advances in the art and technology of their craft, and I�m proud of how Unilux has helped them succeed in hitting the bulls-eye on a moving target.

The term �moving target� is obvious when you have a roller coaster moving past a designated point at 60 miles per hours (100 kilometers per hour). But taking good still photographs in many theme parks and tourist sites is also a moving target technologically. You have to account for changing outdoor lighting conditions, such as at the Grand Canyon Skywalk, that are not always ideal and for people moving while their pictures are taken.

Before we developed the Unilux Big Shot and Unishot, thrill ride and attraction photographers used strobe lights designed for studios to light their subjects. They had a number of problems:

The lights were designed for indoor use � not the temperature swings and changing extremes of weather conditions in the great outdoors.
The studio strobes threw a lot of light � all over the place. They were placed to light a big enough zone to hit their targets.
Lamps always blew out, and when they blew out, it shut down the photography system until the park closed for the night. That stopped the generation of revenues.

The heart of the matter was that they needed value and reliability to make their photo and video systems profitable. Tourist attractions have short seasons. That makes any downtime extremely costly. If the system for a highly popular roller coaster went down, the photo system operator � and the park � lost the opportunity to make money from the sale of photo-based merchandise that showed the riders� thrill experiences. That could number into the thousands on just about any day.

Listening to the needs of the people who were combining new camera systems with computerized image capture and display technology, I loved the challenge of working with our lighting system designers and our customers. As with the development of any product, you can get something good on the first shot. Then, the �real work� begins as you make all of those necessary refinements to make that product �indispensable.�

You can see some examples of our technology by visiting places such as PhotoGuys or Jackson Digital Imaging and learn more about this on our website. Here�s our Unilux solution:

Our experience in harsh industrial environments, like steel mills and paper mills, provided a weather-beater housing.
Our ability to design lenses and reflectors focused the right amount of light exactly where it was needed.
One Big Shot or Unishot replaced �trees� containing 6 to 10 lamps � each of which needed to be tied into the computer system and be frequently replaced.

For the public, there�s nothing glamorous about what goes on behind the camera in thrill ride and attraction photography. But everyone�s attention to all the small details made for success, and being successful is always a thrill.